Dec 09, 2005 to investigate the influence of papaya ringspot virus resistant transgenic papaya on soil microorganisms, upper 0. Due to its wide uses and mystical healthrelated effects, papaya has been listed in fruits of high priority. This site is also protected by an ssl secure sockets. Com nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of papaya parative studies on host range and serology of papaya ringspot virus rna. Pdf papaya ring spot virus prsv is one of the major obstacle for boosting papaya production in the country. Metagenomic analysis of plant viruses associated with papaya. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. Papaya ringspot virus type watermelon prsvw, o virus do mosaico amarelo da. Papaya leaf curl virus plcv, papaya mosaic virus papmv, papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus pldmv, papaya meleira virus pmev and papaya lethal yellowing virus plyv paolla et al.
Management of this potyvirus is challenging, due to 1 its nonpersistent transmission by numerous aphid species and 2 the diversity of prsv strains that exists within a country or between different geographical regions. The viruses most often reported in this crop are papaya ringspot virus prsv, a potyvirus 20,32. The genetic diversity of prsv depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of prsv disease management on a sequence of prsv isolates. Differential gene expression in response to papaya. Journal of general virology, 73, ringspot virus and watermelon mosaic virus 1. Papaya ringspot virus an overview sciencedirect topics. The transgenic papaya is a valuable strategy for creating plants resistant to papaya ringspot virus prsv infection and increasing production. Trees infected with prsv develop a range of symptoms. Pdf molecular and biological studies of papaya ringspot. Be papaya is produced commercially in only two countries. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets papaya ringspot 194 common name papaya ringspot scientific name papaya ringspot potyvirus type p.
Most strains of papaya ringspot virus prsv belong to type w, causing severe loss on cucurbits worldwide, or type. Infection was monitored by evaluating symptoms and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr. Hawaii j but at the present time it causes little damage to papaya under the. Generation of a papaya hybrid variety with broadspectrum.
The first signs of the virus are yellowing and veinclearing of younger leaves, as well as mottling yellow leaves. Influence of planting papaya ringspot virus resistant. The name of the disease, papaya ringspot, is taken from the ringed spots on fruit of infected trees 25. A chronology of the research effort is given and related to the. Papaya carica papaya is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus prsv. Pdf gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease.
Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain and zucchini. Papaya ringspot virus prsvp, da familia potyviridae e genero potyvirus, o. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is a pathogenic plant virus in the genus potyvirus and the virus family potyviridae which primarily infects the papaya tree. Papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 1 papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 2 papaya ringspot biosecurity zone map dis claimer. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is a pathogenic plant virus in the genus potyvirus and the virus family potyviridae which primarily infects the papaya tree the virus is a nonenveloped, flexuous rodshaped particle that is between 760800 nm long and 12 nm in diameter. Papaya ringspot virus raised havoc on papaya farms from the time it first appeared in 1992 in puna, hawaiis major papaya growing region, until 1998 when seed of rainbow, a transgenic virus resistant variety, were released to farmers.
Field resistance of coat protein transgenic papaya to. Papaya ringspot virus prv causes a deadly disease of papaya that severely reduces production and kills the plants. Early detection and reporting are key elements in controlling papaya ringspot disease. Papaya ringspot virus hawaii department of agriculture. Previously, prsv was thought as two separate viruses. Diagnostic characteristics of papaya ringspot virus isolate. By 1995, prsv was widespread in puna and the industry was in a crisis situation figs. Prsv was first reported in hawaii in the 1940s jensen 1949a, and subsequently its prevalence in. The plants showing viral disease symptoms were assayed for the production of the viral coat protein by standard dacelisa procedures.
The plants are highly resistant to papaya ringspot virus, a disease that has repeatedly threatened to destroy pa paya production in hawaii. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is the main limitation of papaya production. Differential gene expression in response to papaya ringspot. Papaya ringspot virus is a member of the genus potyvirus in the family potyviridae, which causes severe yield losses 20% in papaya.
The papaya ringspot virus nearly wiped the crop out. Papaya ringspot virus resistant prvr papaya why genetically engineer virus resistance into papaya. Papaya ringspot virus american phytopathological society. Genetic characterization of a mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus. Two transgenic papaya cultivars were subsequently derived from line 551. Abstract the papaya crop is severely affected by papaya ringspot virus psrv worldwide. Jun 14, 2016 without biotechnology, theres no papaya industry.
Papaya ringspot virus pest rating proposals and final. Two papaya ringspot biosecurity containment zones pdf, 768kb legally prevent the spread of papaya ringspot disease out of south east queensland. Pdf genetic analysis of an attenuated papaya ringspot. Aphidtransmitted papaya ringspot virus prsv is the greatest disease threat to the commercial production of papaya worldwide.
Outbreaks of the disease were recorded in southeast queensland at wamuran, dayboro and morayfield in the vicinity of caboolture, in suburban brisbane and at beaudesert and bundaberg during february and march 1991. Ringspots on papaya fruits, caused by papaya ringspot virus type p. Earliest symptoms in papaya appear as yellowing and veinclearing of younger leaves. Cucurbits and papaya authors dennis gonsalves, savarni tripathi, james b. It adds a powerful new tool for improving papaya production around the world. Nakai is a major crop in the southern united states. It is threatened by the papaya ringspot virus prsv, which first reached the hawaiian islands in the 1940s. Papaya ringspot was the second virus disease to be described on papaya from. Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain zucchini yellow. The virus is transmitted by aphids, myzus persicaeor aphis gossypii,in a nonpersistent manner in the field and is also spread by mechanical inoculation. Virus identity papaya seedlings, inoculated with infected papaya leaf tissue were observed daily for the occurrence of viral symptoms.
Suzuki usdaars pacific basin agricultural research center, hilo, hi the term papaya ringspot prs was first coined by jensen in 1949 to describe. List of bioengineered foods agricultural marketing service. Since then, the disease spread rapidly in most papaya growing areas in sumatera, java and bali. In papaya, leaves develop prominent mosaic and chlorosis on the leaf lamina, and water soaked oily streaks on the petioles and upper part of the trunk. Unlike other plant pathogens, there are no direct methods.
Papaya ringspot department of agriculture and fisheries. Infected leaves may obtain blisters, roughen, or narrow, with blades sticking upwards from the middle of the leaves. Nonregulated status for x172 papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus usda aphis is evaluating a petition to deregulate genetically engineered ge papaya resistant to the papaya ringspot virus prsv, transformation event x172 hereinafter referred to as ge papaya or prsv papaya. Pro is a multifunctional protein involved in plant virus interactions. Studies on the molecular variability in indian isolates of. Resistance to papaya ringspot viruswatermelon strain prsvw. The virus isolates were grouped in phylogenetic trees by geographic region, presenting the highest nucleotide and amino. Prsv p causes one of the most destructive diseases of papaya in nearly every region of the world where papaya is grown.
Symptoms on papaya are somewhat similar to those on cucurbits. Papaya ringspot papaya ringspot, caused by papaya ringspot virus, is the most important disease of the crop in florida, severely limiting the potential for commercial production. Prsv is grouped into papaya infecting typep prsvp and non papaya. Prsv is grouped into papaya infecting typep prsvp and non papaya infecting typew prsvw. This map is for reference purposes only and the features depicted on it are approxim ate.
Prsv infection rate reaches 100% in field in the late season of planting, which. Each of the seven symptoms reacted positively in daselisa against the antisera of papaya ringspot virus papaya strain prsv p. After extensive experimental testing, papaya ringspot virus resistant papaya was released in 1998 as devastation caused by the virus reached record proportions in the archipelagos main production region gonsalves, 1998. In this study, reciprocal grafting experiments between l35 and l37 were performed, and the prsvha strain was preinoculated in the rootstock leaves. Papaya ringspot virus prsv, a member of the aphidtransmitted genus potyvirus, is the cause of a destructive disease and a major limiting factor for papaya and cucurbit cultivation worldwide purcifull et al. This is the second time that papaya ringspot disease has occurred on maui. Papaya ringspot virus genus potyvirus, family potyviridae. Natural spread of papaya ringspot virus to new areas. Toxicity assessment of transgenic papaya ringspot virus of. Carica papaya aps journals american phytopathological society. Pdf 20 years of transgenic research in china for resistance. Specific ultrasensitive assays are important for the early detection of prsv in the field. Papaya productivity is limited in many areas of the world due to the disease caused by papaya ringspot virus prsv purcifull et al. Virus resistant papaya support precision agriculture.
The potyvirus papaya ringspot virus prsv is widespread throughout the world in cucurbits such as zucchini, watermelon, pumpkin etc and papaya papaw. Transgenic papaya expressing the coat protein gene of the mild papaya ringspot virus strain from hawaii prv ha 51 showed high levels of resistance against. Helper componentproteinase hcpro protein of papaya. Posttranscriptional gene silencing is involved in resistance. All be papaya production in the united states is based on event 551. If you suspect you have found papaya ringspot disease in queensland outside of papaya ringspot biosecurity zone 2 pdf, 768kb report it to biosecurity queensland on 25 23 or contact the exotic plant pest hotline on 1800 084 881. Papaya virus disease with special reference to papaya ringspot. Papaya is a tropical tree native to the lowlands of central and south america. Ort resistance to papaya ringspot viruswatermelon strain. The concept of pathogenderived resistance has been employed for the. Molecular dissection of cucumis metuliferus resistance. Development of virus resistant transgenic papayas expressing the coat protein gene from a brazilian isolate of papaya ringspot virus manoel t.
However, its production is constrained by papaya ringspot disease prsd. We are advising the public of our determination that a papaya line developed by the university of florida, designated as transformation event x172, which has been genetically engineered for resistance to the papaya ringspot virus, is no longer considered a regulated article under our regulations. Characterization of papaya ringspot virus isolates infecting. There are two serologically indistinguishable strains of prsv, which can only be differentiated on the basis of host range. Papaya ringspot virus prsv, a member of the family potyviridae, is a positivesense singlestranded rna plant virus with a monocistronic genome of c. Comments to usda aphis on environmental assessment for. It belongs to a small plant family of six genera and about 30 species, but papaya is the only species in the genus carica. Resistance to prsv on transgenic plants expressing. Department of agriculture, agricultural research service, 2700 savannah highway, charleston, sc 29414 nihat guner sakata seed america, 20900 fl82, fort myers. Papaya ringspot virus w scientific name papaya ringspot virus w. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is an aphid transmitted plant virus belonging to the genus potyvirus, family. Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain in watermelon nihat guner sakata seed america, inc.
It causes severe damage on cucurbit crops such as squash and melons, and worldwide damage on. Watermelon has not been screened extensively for resistance to prsvw. Previous attempts to detect prsv in papaya plants showing prsd symptoms, using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay elisa and. During this sixyear period, punas share of statewide production of the more lucrative fresh fruit market. Simple as that, said dennis gonsalves, the scientist who developed the gmo papaya. The disease had not been found in indonesia, until disease outbreak in nangroe aceh darussalam was reported in 2012. Transgenemediated resistance to papaya ringspot virus.
Papaya grows as a single stemmed, stout trunked tree 10 to 15 feet in height. The first record of papaya ringspot virustype p from. The genome of the papaya ringspot virus prsv prsv is of the genus potyvirus and of the family potyviridae. Papaya ringspot disease, caused by prsv, is the most important viral disease of papaya worldwide. Uh sunup sunup is homozygous for the cp gene insertion and uh rainbow rainbow is. Potato virus a pva, potato virus y pvy, sugar cane mosaic virus scmv, lettuce mosaic virus lmv and pvy, respectively. Severe symptoms often include a distortion of young leaves which. Stem pitting at graft union inoculation with papaya mosaic virus transgenic nontransgenic field trials with transgenic papaya in hawaii protection of papaya with the coat protein gene of papaya ringspot virus.
The virus is classified into two serologically indistinguishable strains types p. Papaya ringspot virus and its insect vector relationships. Papaya ringspot virus type w prsvw is one of the most important viruses that may cause damage to zucchini squash cucurbita pepo l. This study was further performed to evaluate the comparative toxicity effects of the newly developed transgenic line of the fruits of two backcross transgenic papaya lines 2210 and 823 and one hybrid line 8232210 and compare to their parent non. Transgenic papayas carrying the papaya ringspot virus coat protein gene were inoculated with papaya ringspot virus. Barley yellow dwarf papaya ringspot virus tobacco mosaic. Serological studies have shown that they are biotypes of the same virus gonsalves and ishii, 1980. According to jensen, the virus, presumably papaya ringspot virus prsv, was recorded by smith in 1929 and was considered the primary reason for no largescale cultivation of papaya carica papaya l. It is transmitted between plants by mechanical activities like pruning and by numerous aphid species such as myzus persicae. The virus first hit hawaii in the 1940s and by the 1990s had reached almost every area that grows papaya. The genome is a monopartite singlestranded positivesense rna. Papaya ringspot virus on papaya, and watermelon mosaic virus 1 there is also a different virus named watermelon mosaic virus 2 on cucurbits.
There is gonsalves d 1998 control of papaya ringspot virus in papaya. The papaya ringspot virus prsv, a member of the potyvirus that is transmitted by aphids within the potyviridae family, is the main. A mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus typep, abbreviated as prsv mild, from ecuador was sequenced and characterized. Among eight tested transgenic lines, clone g2 was found highly resistant to virus infection during 3 years of testing. Papaya ringspot virus type p prsvp has been identified on papaya papaw in australia for the first time. Other characteristics the seeds separate easily and cleanly from the flesh. Papaya ringspot virus is a wellknown virus within plants in florida.
However, most potyvirus as the second largest virus genus. What are the major production constraints on papaya. In 1974, the disease was found in the wailuku area of. Protection between strains of papaya ringspot virus. Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management. Prsv isolates belong to either one of two major strains, p or w. The other strain is papaya ringspot virus p, which infects papaya and cucurbits see fact sheet no. Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot viruswatermelon. R1 plants of the transgenic papaya line 551, which expresses a single coat protein cp gene of the mild strain of the papaya ringspot virus prsv ha from hawaii, were previously shown to be resistant only to prsv isolates from hawaii. Distribution and phylodynamics of papaya ringspot virus on. Papaya ringspot is found at times in epidemic proportions in waianae on the dry, leeward side of the island of oahu.
Previously, it was known as watermelon mosaic virus 1. The disease is believed to be caused by papaya ringspot virus prsv. Papaya is a favorite fruit and important industrial raw material in china. The papaya crop is severely affected by papaya ringspot virus psrv worldwide. Be papaya events 631 and x172 were never commercialized. Review article gene technology for papaya ringspot virus.
Papaya is the mainstay of many small family farms in hawaii, and an important part of the diet and the economy of many tropical and developing countries. Papaya ringspot virus p prsvp is a widely prevalent plant virus infecting carica papaya causing substantial crop loss and at times devastating enough to wipe out entire plantations. Dentre esses, o virus da mancha anelar do mamoeiro, estirpe melancia. Penggunaan pelacak dna untuk deteksi papaya ringspot virus. In 1992, hawaiis papaya industry faced a potential economic disaster when papaya ringspot virus prsv was discovered in the puna district of hawaii island where 95% of the states papaya was grown 3.
Leaves of the papaya ringspot virus prsvresistant citrullus colocynthis plant introduction pi 537277 upper vs. Ultrasensitive detection of papaya ringspot virus using. This virus affects production and productivity in every region of the world by decreasing photosynthetic capacity of the plants, which subsequently display stunted growth, deformed and inedible fruit, and eventually, plant mortality. We have developed a singletube nested pcr stnp assay to address this need. Papaya ringspot virus prsv is the causal agent of the main papaya carica papaya disease in the world. The moisture content, ph value, total organic carbon content, and total nitrogen.
Papaya ringspot caused by papaya ringspot virus prsv is one of the most destructive diseases of papaya. Prsvp causes one of the most destructive diseases of papaya in nearly every region of the world where papaya is grown. Resistance to papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain prsvw in the desert watermelon citrullus colocynthis amnon levi1, john coffey, and laura massey u. Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain prsvw, formerly watermelon mosaic virus 1 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv affect all agricultural species of the cucurbitaceae and are of great economic importance because of. Papaya ringspot virus is a major limiting factor to papaya production in hawaii and around the world. This virus, responsible for the zucchini common mosaic, belongs to the family potyviridae and has the shape of a cylindrical and flexuous filament, consisting of a singlestranded. Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain prsvw, formerly watermelon mosaic virus 1 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv affect all agricultural species of the cucurbitaceae and are of great economic importance because of their destructiveness. However, tests using antisera showed that it was a strain of papaya ringspot virus. Pdf suppression of papaya ringspot virus infection in. Papaya ringspot virus infects papaya and cucurbits systemically. Suppression of papaya ringspot virus infection in carica papaya with cap34, a systemic antiviral resistance inducing protein from clerodendrum aculeatum. A chronology of the research effort is given and related to the development of.
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